The origins of 'Dust My Broom'

Trying to recall when and where you first heard the quintessential electric blues riff that opens ‘Dust My Broom’, and who was playing it, is difficult. It may have been the early 50’s version by Elmore James or Fleetwood Mac’s late sixties offering. Some may recall an unknown blues band at a club they visited in their youth, a few people know that it’s true origins is in the 1930’s with Robert Johnson, or is it?



In early December 1933 Roosevelt Sykes accompanied Carl Rafferty, a man about who we know absolutely nothing, on ‘Mr Carl’s Blues’. What we do know is this session was significant in the history of the Blues. ‘Mr Carl’s Blues’ contains the immortal lines, “I do believe, I do believe I’ll dust my broom. And after I dust my broom, anyone may have my room”.

Many years later, as historian’s dissected Robert Johnson’s songs to understand his influences, it was generally assumed that he based ‘I Believe I’ll Dust My Broom’ on Kokomo Arnold’s ‘Sagefield Woman Blues’. Kokomo’s song has words similar to ‘Mr. Carl’s Blues’ but was recorded some ten months after Rafferty’s effort. In truth we may never know who ‘did it first’, but recorded evidence points to Mr Carl Rafferty accompanied by Mr. Roosevelt Sykes.

Back then performers swapped songs, heard others perform and lifted what ranged from bits of a song to the complete thing with no thought to copyright – a concept few recognized as important. The blues have an oral tradition that meant that this happened as a natural process.

Recordings of blues songs are our historical markers that signify when something was done first, but it doesn’t mean the performer who recorded it was the originator of a song, all it proves was that they got into the studio first – as often as not that was a matter of luck as record companies went to towns and cities across the Southern States looking for performers to record.



Several schools of thought exist as to the meaning of “Dust My Broom”. It could concern cleaning a rented room before you leave, shades of the itinerant musician or it is simply a sexual reference. Singer, Son Thomas said, “It was an old field holler to tell everyone, except the people the hollerer didn't want to tell, that he was running away.”



In 1951 Elmore James recorded what for many is the definitive version of the song. Lillian McMurry, an independent record producer, heard Elmore and wanted to record him, but Elmore was very shy of the studio. They convinced him that he was rehearsing and did not tell him that they were recording ‘Dust My Broom’. It was released on a record as, Trumpet 146 with Elmore, billed as Elmo James, on one side and Bo Bo Thomas singing ‘Catfish Blues’ on the other.

The record made No.9 in the R&B charts in April 1952. In 1955 James re-recorded ‘Dust My Broom’ as ‘Dust My Blues’ with minor lyrics changes and a re-arrangement of the verses. Credited to Johnson, arranged Elmore James & Bihari (Bihari is one of the two brothers that owned the Modern label). James recorded for Modern’s subsidiaries, Flair and Meteor).

In 1968 the original Fleetwood Mac with Peter Green recorded their version for their album ‘Mr. Wonderful’. It contains further lyric variations. Like many of the later versions that were both recorded and sung live they often mixed up Dust My Broom with Dust My Blues.

Whatever the truth, there’s not a blues band or performer that at some point has not played this seminal song.